September 29, 1938–September 30, 1938
The Munich Agreement Is Signed
During the night of September 29, 1938, Germany, Britain, France, and Italy signed the Munich Agreement. Czechoslovakia was not a party.
Europe
Tuesday, October 6, 2026
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August 20, 1938
Vienna Central Office for Jewish Emigration Opens
On this day, August 20, 1938, the Central Office for Jewish Emigration opened in Vienna. It became the model for later forced-emigration and deportation offices.
Holocaust · Antisemitism · World War II
Europe
August 8, 1938
First Prisoners Arrive at Mauthausen
On this day, August 8, 1938, the SS transferred the first prisoners from Dachau to Mauthausen and forced them to build the camp.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
July 6, 1938
Evian Conference Opens
On this day, July 6, 1938, delegates from 32 countries opened the Evian Conference. Most refused to take more Jewish refugees. Only the Dominican Republic offered to accept additional arrivals.
Holocaust · Antisemitism · World War II
Europe
May 29, 1938
Hungary Adopts the First Jewish Law
On this day, May 29, 1938, Hungary promulgated Act XV, the First Jewish Law, capping Jews at 20 percent of specified professions and firms.
Europe
March 13, 1938
Germany Annexes Austria
On this day, March 13, 1938, Germany annexed Austria, one day after German troops entered the country.
Antisemitism · World War II · Holocaust
Europe
February 4, 1938
Hitler Takes Direct Command of the Wehrmacht
On this day, February 4, 1938, Adolf Hitler dismissed the war minister and army commander and created the High Command of the Armed Forces under his personal authority.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
July 15, 1937
Buchenwald Concentration Camp Opens
On this day, July 15, 1937, the SS opened Buchenwald near Weimar. The first prisoners arrived that day from Sachsenhausen.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
December 26, 1936
The Palestine Orchestra Gives Its First Concert
On 26 December 1936, Arturo Toscanini conducted the Palestine Orchestra's first concert in Tel Aviv.
Israel
July 12, 1936
Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp Opens
On this day, July 12, 1936, the SS transferred 50 prisoners from Esterwegen to begin building Sachsenhausen, the principal camp for the Berlin area.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
December 10, 1934
Himmler Establishes the Inspectorate of Concentration Camps
On this day, December 10, 1934, Heinrich Himmler established the Inspectorate of Concentration Camps under Theodor Eicke.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
August 19, 1934
German Referendum Approves Hitler as Führer
On this day, August 19, 1934, a German referendum approved Adolf Hitler’s combination of the offices of president and chancellor under the title Führer.
Holocaust · Antisemitism · World War II
Europe