HistoryDecember 20, 1963
The Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial Opens
On this day, December 20, 1963, the first large Frankfurt trial of Auschwitz personnel opened. Twenty-two defendants were in the dock.
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HistoryApril 26, 1945
SS Begins Death Marches from Dachau
On this day, April 26, 1945, the SS began forcing prisoners from Dachau and its subcamps on death marches south toward the Alps, three days before U.S. troops reached the main camp.
HistoryJanuary 19, 1945
Soviet Troops Enter Łódź
On this day, January 19, 1945, the Red Army entered Łódź. About 800 Jews who had hidden in the former ghetto were liberated.
HistoryOctober 7, 1944
Sonderkommando Revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau
On this day, October 7, 1944, Jewish Sonderkommando prisoners at Auschwitz-Birkenau attacked SS guards and set fire to Crematorium IV.
HistoryNovember 3, 1943–November 4, 1943
Operation Harvest Festival
On 3–4 November 1943, SS and police units murdered about 42,000 Jewish prisoners in the Lublin district during Operation Harvest Festival.
HistorySeptember 29, 1941–September 30, 1941
Massacre at Babi Yar
On 29–30 September 1941, German SS and police units murdered 33,771 Jews at the Babi Yar ravine outside Kyiv.
HistorySeptember 1, 1939
Germany Invades Poland
On this day, September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France declared war on September 3.
HistorySeptember 20, 2005
Simon Wiesenthal Dies
On this day, September 20, 2005, Simon Wiesenthal died in Vienna. A survivor of several camps, he spent the postwar decades documenting fugitive Nazi criminals.
HistoryNovember 5, 1945
Anti-Jewish Riots Break Out in Tripoli, Libya
On this day, November 5, 1945, anti-Jewish riots broke out in Tripoli. Over three days, about 120 Jews were killed in the city and nearby towns.
HistoryApril 19, 1943
Belgian Resistance Stops the Twentieth Convoy
On this day, April 19, 1943, three Belgian resistance fighters stopped a deportation train from Mechelen to Auschwitz, the only such attack on a convoy.
HistoryJanuary 10, 1943
The Kopernik Camp in Mińsk Mazowiecki Is Liquidated
On 10 January 1943, German forces began liquidating the Kopernik labor camp in Mińsk Mazowiecki.
HistoryJune 7, 1942
Jews in Occupied France Must Wear the Yellow Star
On this day, June 7, 1942, a German decree took effect requiring Jews in occupied France, aged six and older, to wear a yellow star marked Juif.