HistoryJuly 22, 1942
Warsaw Ghetto Grossaktion Begins
On this day, July 22, 1942, German SS and police began mass deportations from the Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka. About 265,000 Jews were deported by September.
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HistoryDecember 27, 1941–January 7, 1942
The Kharkiv Ghetto Is Liquidated
From 27 December 1941 to 7 January 1942, the Kharkiv ghetto was emptied and its people were killed at Drobytsky Yar.
HistoryJuly 1941
Nazis Establish the Minsk Ghetto
In late July 1941, German authorities established a ghetto in Minsk. About 80,000 Jews, including people from nearby towns, were crowded into the northwestern quarter.
History21–23 January 1941
Bucharest Pogrom Begins
On 21–23 January 1941, during the Legionary rebellion against Ion Antonescu, Iron Guard members murdered more than 120 Jews in Bucharest.
HistoryJuly 3, 1904
Theodor Herzl Dies
On July 3, 1904, Theodor Herzl died at Edlach in Lower Austria. He was 44.
HistoryJanuary 23, 1639
Francisco Maldonado da Silva Is Burned in Lima
On January 23, 1639, the physician Francisco Maldonado da Silva was burned at the stake in Lima.
HistoryApril 11, 1945
U.S. Troops Liberate Buchenwald
On this day, April 11, 1945, U.S. troops reached Buchenwald after prisoners seized control of the camp as the SS fled.
HistoryFebruary 18, 1943
Japan Designates a Restricted Zone in Shanghai
On this day, February 18, 1943, Japanese authorities in occupied Shanghai ordered stateless refugees, most of them Jews, into a designated area of Hongkou.
History26–28 August 1941
Massacre at Kamianets-Podilskyi
On 26–28 August 1941, SS and police units under Friedrich Jeckeln murdered 23,600 Jews near Kamianets-Podilskyi. More than half were deportees from Hungary.
HistoryAugust 20, 1941
Drancy Internment Camp Opens
On this day, August 20, 1941, French police interned thousands of Jewish men arrested in Paris at Drancy, opening the camp that later became the main transit point for deportations from France.
HistoryFebruary 25, 1941–February 26, 1941
The February Strike Shuts Down Amsterdam
On 25 and 26 February 1941, Amsterdam stopped work to protest the German roundup of Jews.
HistoryNovember 23, 1939
Hans Frank Orders Jews in the General Government to Wear Armbands
On this day, November 23, 1939, Hans Frank ordered Jews in the General Government over the age of ten to wear a white armband with a blue Star of David.